Introduction
Diabetes afflicts millions worldwide, and India is considered the diabetic capital of the world. Type 2 diabetes causes a person to have high blood sugar levels. Recognizing the symptoms of this incurable disease can lead to timely treatment, reducing the risk of serious complications. One living in Mumbai should consult the best endocrinologists in Mumbai for early detection. Type 2 diabetes is a common condition. Despite having higher-than-normal blood sugar levels, prediabetics are not yet regarded as having diabetes by medical professionals. According to a reliable CDCT source, people with prediabetes often develop type 2 diabetes within five years if they do not receive treatment. Type 2 diabetes may develop gradually, and the initial signs may not be severe. As a result, most people may not realize it. Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in which the body regulates and uses sugar (glucose) as a fuel. This chronic condition causes more sugar to circulate in the blood. High blood sugar levels can lead to disorders of the circulatory system, nervous system, and immune system.
In type 2 diabetes, there are usually two problems. Your pancreas does not produce enough insulin – the hormone that controls the flow of sugar in your cells – and cells respond poorly to insulin and absorb less sugar.
Type 2 diabetes has been known to occur in adults, although both type 1 and type 2 diabetes can start in both adulthood and childhood. Type 2 is commonly seen in older adults, but an increase in obese children has led to more cases of type 2 diabetes in young people.
There is no cure for type 2 diabetes, but losing weight, eating a healthy diet, and exercising can help you control it. If diet and exercise are insufficient to control your blood sugar, you may need diabetes medication or insulin treatment.
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Causes
Type 2 diabetes mainly is the result of two related problems:
- Muscle cells, fat, and liver cells are resistant to insulin. Because these cells do not normally interact with insulin, they do not absorb enough sugar.
- Pancreas is unable to form the necessary amount of insulin.
Why this happens is unknown, but obesity and inactivity are important contributing factors.
Signs and symptoms of diabetes
- Changing skin color
Insulin resistance can cause skin patches (acanthosis nigricans) commonly found on the edges of the neck and under the armpits. This black skin can look elevated and velvety in sewing.
- Increasing thirst
As your kidneys work longer and you urinate more often, vital fluids will be excreted from your muscles. Therefore, frequent urination will make you feel thirsty all the time.
- Frequent urination
When the blood sugar is high, your kidneys secrete excess blood sugar, causing you to urinate more often. One of the earliest warning signs of diabetes is regular urination. It may necessitate passing urine more than once at night.
4. Increased hunger
If you have high blood sugar, your body is actively looking to get rid of your excess glucose. Your muscles are unable to get the requisite energy from food as your body prevents glucose from being absorbed. It makes the muscles crave more food for the requisite energy.
- Fatigue
When your blood sugar is high, your body works hard to get rid of excess sugar. This process not only disrupts your body but also changes the way your body uses glucose for energy. High blood sugar, or hyperglycemia, causes fatigue, among other symptoms. In addition, dehydration caused by excessive urination is often a common cause of fatigue in diabetics.
- Visual impairment
High blood sugar can cause damage to the small blood vessels of the eye, leading to inflammation of the lens, in turn causing blurred vision. Diabetics are known to suffer from diabetic retinopathy which may lead to blindness. Order Valium Online
- Unexplained weight loss
With excess glucose, you lose your greatest source of energy, and when your body is unable to use glucose for energy, it begins to burn fat and muscle, resulting in weight loss.
- Slow-healing wounds and cuts
Like damaged eye tissue that causes blurred vision, damaged blood vessels cause poor blood circulation. Therefore, it is difficult for the blood to reach the affected area, and minor cuts or sores can take weeks or months to heal. It makes the wounds heal slowly and more prone to infection, increasing the risk of amputation.
- Biting or numbness in the hands or feet
High blood sugar can have a profound effect on nerves. This damage can start with feelings of itching or numbness and can progress to pain or neuropathy over time.
Concluding Words
Choosing a healthy lifestyle is imperative to control type 2 diabetes. If you get a diagnosis of prediabetes, lifestyle changes are the need of the hour to stop rapid progression of diabetes. Consult the best endocrinologist in Mumbai today for further guidance.
A healthy lifestyle includes:
- Eat a healthy diet – Choose foods that are low in fat and calories and high in fiber. Focus on fruits, vegetables, and grains.
- Being Active – Set aside 150 minutes or more per week for moderate to vigorous exercises, such as brisk walking, cycling, jogging, or swimming.
- Weight loss –Weight retention and weight loss slow the progression of type 2 diabetes from prediabetes. Losing 7 to 10 percent of your body weight can lower your chances of developing diabetes.
- To avoid prolonged inactivity– Prolonged physical activity may increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Try to get up once every 30 minutes and take a short stroll.
For people with prediabetes, metformin (Glumetza, Fortamet, others) and oral diabetes medication may be prescribed to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. It is usually given to older adults who are overweight and cannot lower their blood sugar levels by changing their lifestyles. For proper medication, one must visit the best endocrinologists in Mumbai for comprehensive diagnosis and treatment.
